将非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念用表格归纳如下:
to do -ing -ed
主动 被动 主动 被动 被动
将来时 to do to be done
现在时 doing (sth.) being done
过去时 to have done to have been done -ed
也就是要记住四句话:
(1) 表示将来时;
(2) 表示现在时;
(3) 表示过去时(一定是被动的)
(4) 动词不定式的完成时表示过去时
非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。
请你判断一下,下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态:
Your duty is to look after the sick child. (你的责任是照料这个病孩。将来 / 主动)
The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person. (这个病孩需要专人照顾。将来 / 被动)
He is said to have studied hard and passed the examination. (据说他学习一直很用功并通过了考试。过去 / 主动)
Five persons are reported to have been killed in the big fire. (据报道,有5人已在这场大火中丧生。过去 / 被动)
Do you know the man sitting and reading a book there? (你认识坐在那里看书的那个人吗?现在 / 主动)
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