职称英语阅读部分判断与推理题型常见表达的形式_职称英语备考指南

职称英语阅读部分判断与推理题型常见表达的形式

　　What does a scientist do when he or she explains something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms: generalization and deduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning. Presumably, the person was frightened earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response -- fear.

　　1. Which of the following is most clearly analogous to the example in the passage of the person who fears dogs?

　　A. A child chokes on a fish bone and as an adolescent is reluctant to eat fish.

　　B. A person feels lonely and after a while b~s a dog for companionship.

　　C. A child studies science in school and later grows up to become a teacher.

　　D. A person hears that a snowstorm is predicted and that evening is afraid to drive home.

　　本题要求读者在准确理解文章的基础上，从四个选项中找出一个适当的例子，补充说明心理学家是如何解释某种行为或心理现象的。本题的正确答案是A项。

　　例4

　　.., Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it will be the mechanists trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fall because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.