To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.
1. The idea of the improvement factor implies roughly______.
A. wages should be paid on the basis of length of service
B. the benefit of the increased production and lower costs should be shared by workers
C. supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promoted
D. the transition to automation should be brought about with the minimum of inconvenience and distress to workers
本题要求学生根据上下文理解improvement factor的含义。在文章的第二段第七行,提出增值因素是要求随着生产率的提高,工资也要相应地提高;而生产率的提高就是增加生产降低成本。因而选项B是正确答案。选项A,把解雇金协议,即根据服务期长短给长期解雇者一笔钱,与增值因素的内容混淆起来,说明有时文章和题目并不难,但粗心大意会使你答错题。选项C是讲另一种劳工利益保护措施的,即失业者补助金计划;而选项D是讲工人们对自动化带来的种种影响所关切的问题 。
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