31.Islam,on the other hand,represented a radical breakaway from theArab paganism that preceded it;Islamic law is the result of anexamination from a religious angle,of legal subject matter that was farfrom uniform,comprising as it did the various components of the laws ofpre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from thenon-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.
另一方面,伊斯兰教则代表着与此前存在的阿拉伯异教的一种根本上的决裂;伊斯兰法是从宗教的角度,对各种杂乱无章、绝无共同点的法律内容进行考察所致的结果,而这些法律内容实际上是由前伊斯兰阿拉伯国家法律的不尽相同的组成部分以及由从被征服的土地上非阿拉伯民族借鉴过来的无数法律因素所构成。
32.One such novel idea is that of inserting into the chromosomesof plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants naturalconstitution:specifically,the idea of inserting into nonleguminousplants the genes,if they can be identified and isolated,that fit theleguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence,theintensified research on legumes.
这其中的一个新颖思想就是,在植物的染色体内注入并非是该植物自然构造一个部分的那些不相关联的因基:具体而言,这一思想是,在非豆科植物内注入这样一些基因,倘若这些基因可被辨识出来并被分离开来,而这些基因业已使豆科植物宜于充当那些具备固氮作用的细菌的寄主。由此,对豆科植物的研究日趋深入。
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