这一在第十四条修正案的文本中被复述的宣言,主要是旨在对抗最高法院在 Dred Scott诉Sandford 一案中的判决,此判决裁定,在美国的黑人可被剥夺公民权。
132. The broad language of the amendment strongly suggests that its framers were proposing to write into the Constitution not a laundry list of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizenship that forbids organized society from treating any individual as a member of an inferior class. 第十四条修正案的宽泛笼统的语言强烈地暗示,其制定者所意欲载入宪法的不是一张具体民法的细目清单,而是一种平等公民权的原则,这一原则禁止有组织的社会将任何一个个人作为劣等阶层的成员来对待。
133. This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other,nonracial forms of discrimination,for while some justices have refused to find,any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored,most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial discriminations. sexual Discrimination in particular, are suspect and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.
所谓 怀疑分类 ,意指那种在有可能被理解成以种族为基础,针对某一群体进行的歧视这一信条扩展了第十四条修正案的适用范围,使其同样也适用于其它的、非种族形式的歧视。因为虽然某些法官拒不将除种族以外的立法分类裁定为非法的,但绝大多数法官已经接受了这样一个论点,即至少某些非种族性质的歧视,尤其是性别歧视,是 值得怀疑的 ,并理应接受法庭这种更高程度上的审视。
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