Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity . On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their childrens education.
Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.
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