In February 1494, 12 ships returned to Spain from La Isabela, commanded by Columbus?associate, Antonio de Torres. Two more of his subordinates, Alonso de Ojeda and Pedro Margarit, led a campaign of violence against the native inhabitants of Hispaniola, in revenge for the murder of their comrades at Navidad. They killed and captured many natives, taking them as slaves, seemingly with the full knowledge and approval of Columbus. Throughout the next two years, the Spaniards continued their resolute conquest and colonization of Hispaniola.
On March 10, 1496, Columbus set sail for Spain, leaving his two brothers, Bartholomew and Diego, in charge of Hispaniola. When he reached C iz, he found Spain at war with France and his benefactors even more eager to acquire gold and other riches from the New World. In command of six ships, three with explorers and three with provisions for settlement on Hispaniola, Columbus set sail for a third westward crossing on May 30, 1498. The first land sighting was at Trinidad, which Columbus named in honor of the Holy Trinity.
When the expedition arrived back at Hispaniola, he found it in disarray, with a revolt mounting against his brothers led by the alcalde of La Isabela, Francisco Rold. The chiefs of the indigenous tribes in Hispaniola, as well as a number of Spaniards, were incensed by Bartholomew Columbus?reorganization of the gold production process, which favored certain Spaniards over others and exploited the native labor force. As Columbus tried to restore order, sometimes resorting to hangings, Rold and his fellow opposition leaders sent so many letters of complaint against Columbus and his brothers back to Castile that the rulers sent the Spanish chief justice, Francisco de Bobadilla, to Hispaniola. Bobadilla took Columbus and his brothers into his custody and sent all three men back to Spain in shackles.
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