四、归纳推理论证法
从若干个具体事例中推出共性的一般结论。如:
论点:Everyone likes the movie.
论据:I know three people who like the movie.
推理依据:Three eaxmples are enough.
五、列举特征式论证法
指出某事物发生或者生存的征候或者迹象。例如:
论点:The child has chickenpox.
论据:The child has red spots.
推理依据:These spots are signs of chickenpox.
六、类比论证法
用我们已知的、熟悉的事物同未知的。不熟悉的事物加以比较,并用前者的情况解释者 的情况。分为三种:纵向类比、横向类比、比喻式类比。例如:
1.纵向类比
论点:Many people will die of SARS.
论据:Many people died of the Black Death.
推理依据:SARS and Black Death are similar.
2.横向类比
论点:China should have its fighter carriers.
论据:A neighboring country has a powerful carrier fleet.
推理依据:The two countries are similar enough to draw such a comparison.
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