Analogy
To argue by analogy is to claim that because two things are similar in some respects, they will be similar in others. Medical experimentation on animals is predicated on such reasoning. The argument goes like this: the metabolism of pigs, for example, is similar to that of humans, and high doses of saccharine cause cancer in pigs. Therefore, high doses of saccharine probably cause cancer in humans.
Clearly, the greater the similarity between the two things being compared the stronger the argument will be. Also the less ambitious the conclusion the stronger the argument will be. The argument above would be strengthened by changing probably to may. It can be weakened by pointing out the dissimil arities between pigs and people.
Example:
Just as the fishing line becomes too taut, so too the trials and tribulations of life in the city can become so stressful that ones mind can snap.
Which one of the following most closely parallels the reasoning used in the argument above?
Just as the bow may be drawn too taut, so too may ones life be wasted pursuing self-gratification.
Just as a gamblers fortunes change unpredictably, so too do ones career opportunities come unexpectedly.
Just as a plant can be killed by over watering it, so too can drinking too much water lead to lethargy.
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