Faradays introduction of the concept of lines of force was rejected by most of the mathematical physicists of Europe, since they assumed that electric charges attract and repel one another, by action at a distance, making such lines unnecessary. Faraday had demonstrated the phenomenon of electromagnetism in a series of experiments, however.
This experimental necessity probably led the physicist James Clerk Maxwell to accept the concept of lines of force and put Faradays ideas into mathematical form, thus giving birth to modern field theory.
Faradays discovery that an intense magnetic field can rotate the plane of polarized light is known today as the Faraday effect. The phenomenon has been used to elucidate molecular structure and has yielded information about galactic magnetic fields.
Faraday described his numerous experiments in electricity and electromagnetism in three volumes entitled Experimental Researches in Electricity ; his chemical work was chronicled in Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics . Faraday ceased research work in 1855 because of declining mental powers, but he continued as a lecturer until 1861. A series of six childrens lectures published in 1860 as The Chemical History of a Candle, has become a classic of science literature.
迈克尔法拉第英国物理学家、化学家,也是著名的自学成才的科学家。生于萨里郡纽因顿一个贫苦铁匠家庭。仅上过小学。1831年,他作出了关于力场的关键性突破,永远改变了人类文明。1815年5月回到皇家研究所在戴维指导下进行化学研究。1824年1月当选皇家学会会员,1825年2月任皇家研究所实验室主任,1833----1862任皇家研究所化学教授。1846年荣获伦福德奖章和皇家勋章。
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