must
[误] He must be in the office, and mustnt go home.
[正] He must be in the office, and cant go home.
[析] must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测,而否定的推测则要用cant加动词原形。
[误] It must have rained now.
[正] It must have rained yesterday.
[析] must+have+过去分词为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为昨天一定是下雨了。又如: I must go and call him. He must have forgotten it.
must have to
must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做,如I must stop smoking. 其意为:我自己认为我要戒烟;而have to则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事,如: I have to go to school tomorrow.must无过去式,当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用had to, 如: When I was young, I had to go to the factory.在否定句中mustnt意为:一定不要做某事,如: You mustnt tell this to Tom. 而havent to则多意为没有必要去做,如: You dont have to tell this to Tom. 而英语中多用neednt 来取代havent to.
myself
[误] I cant play pingpong myself.
[正] I cant play pingpong by myself.
[析] 第一句并无语法错误,myself为我亲自要去,而by myself为独自一人。这句话要表达的意思是我一个人无法打乒乓球。而I want to play pingpong myself. 应译为我自己想去打乒乓球。
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