But in the 1970s America s growth in real output per person droppedfrom its post-second-world-war peak of over 3% a year to just over 2% a year.In the 2000s it tumbled below 1%. Output per worker per hour shows a similarpattern, according to Robert Gordon, an economist at Northwestern University:it is pretty good for most of the 20th century, then slumps in the 1970s. Itbounced back between 1996 and 2004, but since 2004 the annual rate has fallento 1.33%, which is as low as it was from 1972 to 1996. Mr Gordon muses that thepast two centuries of economic growth might actually amount to just one big wave of dramaticchange rather than a new era of uninterrupted progress, and that the world isreturning to a regime in which growth is mostly of the extensive sort .
但是,到了20世纪70年代,美国的人均实际产出增长从二战后巅峰时期的年均3%下降到年均略超2%。进入21世纪后,增长暴跌到1%以下。据美国西北大学的罗伯特戈登测算,每小时的人均产出呈现出相同的模式:在20世纪的大部分时间里增长强劲,随后,在70年代开始暴跌。在1996年-2004年间,每小时的人均产出出现反弹;不过,2004年后,年化增长率又跌至1.33%,这种增长速度之慢同1972年-1996年之间的情况如出一辙。戈登调侃道,过去两个世纪的经济增长总量可能实际上只相当于戏剧性变革的一个大浪,而不是一个新时代的不间断的进程,同时世界正在向增长主要是外延性的那种体制回归。
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