Lowell wrotein strict formal measures; some of his last books consisted of entire sequencesof sonnets. Mr Ashbery can also be partial to particular forms of verse, thoughthese tend to be of a fairly eccentric kind-the cento , for example, and thepantoum . Often he writes in a free-flowing, conversational manner thatdepends for its success upon the fact that the ending of lines is untrammelledby any concern about whether or not they scan. Within many of his poems, thereoften seems to be a gently humorous antagonism between one stanza and the next.Mr Ashbery likes using similes in his poetry. This is often the poets stock-in-trade, but he seems tosingle them out in order to send up the very idea of the simile in poetry, asin Violets blossomed loudly/ like a swear word in an empty tank .

　　Life, forLowell, was a serious matter, just as he was a serious man. Mr Ashberys approach, as evinced by hispoetry, is more that of a gentle shrug of amused bewilderment. Unlike Lowells, his poems are neitherautobiographical nor confessional. He doesnt take himself that seriously. Is all of life a tepid housewarming? For a poet this is a tougherquestion to answer than you might think.

　　1.The word substantial most probably means_____.

　　[A] serious

　　[B] big

　　[C] important

　　[D] real

　　2. The lastwords of Lowell mean that_____.

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