教育狂热的间接疗法
Other education-obsessed countries in Asia face a version of the same problem. In thepastSouth Koreas government tried to help parents by banning out-of-class tutoring. But such pedagogical prohibition is illiberal, and was anyway ruled unconstitutional in2000. The answer lies not in the schools but in the overall economyand in creating a moreopen labour market where more firms are interested in hiring people later.
亚洲许多对教育偏执的国家都有类似的问题。之前,韩国政府想帮父母一把,制订了禁止课外补习的政策。但是,这种针对教学方式的禁令是违背自由精神的,而且在2000年还被判为违宪。要解决问题,关键不在学校,而在整体经济要构建更开放的劳动市场,让企业有兴趣雇佣年纪稍大的人。
The government should do three things. First, scrap regulations that divide the jobs marketinto permanent employees, paid more than they are worth, and temporary workers, paidless. Second, it should encourage more firms, including foreign ones, into industries nowdominated by the chaebol, expanding the range of alternative employers. And third, itshould push the chaebol to expand into services, which they have diplomatically refrainedfrom doing. Retailing, tourism, local transport: all these need some chaebol clout andefficiency.
政府能做的有三点。第一,现在就业市场里有长期雇员和临时雇员之别,长期雇员能得到与其能力不相称的高薪,而临时雇员的薪资则达不到应得的水平,必须消除造成这种差别的规矩。第二,政府应鼓励更多企业,包括外国企业,进入目前为财阀所掌控的行业,扩大求职者可选择的雇主范围。第三,政府要推动财阀进入他们目前不想插手的服务业。零售、旅游、本地交通等行业都需要一些财阀参与,增进效率。
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