这项发现与新墨西哥圣菲研究所的塞缪尔鲍尔斯2009年的研究结果不同。
Dr Bowles looked at eight modern hunter-gatherer groups, including the Tiwi, and atarchaeological evidence concerning 15 ancient ones.
鲍尔斯研究了8个现代猎狩族群和15个古代猎狩族群的考古证据,得出了结论:
He concluded that death in warfare is so common in hunter-gatherer societies that it was animportant evolutionary pressure on early Homo sapiens, and might easily account for theemergence of self-sacrificial altruism.
猎狩社会中发生的战争死亡现象非常普遍,变成了早期人类进化的压力。这就轻松地说明自我牺牲的利他主义的出现。
Dr Bowles s analysis did not, however, separate the Tiwi from the rest, so was influencedby this outlier.
然而,鲍尔斯的分析并没有把提维族与其它族分离开来,因此受到了这种异常现象的影响。
Treating outliers with caution is reasonable.
认真对待这种异常现象是合乎情理的。
An analysis of modern warfare that looked at the 1940s would come to a differentconclusion from one that looked at the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s or 1990s.
有一项分析着眼于1940年代的现代战事,得出的结论与着眼于1950年代,1960年代,1970年代,1980年代以及1990年代的不同。
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