Banks need to be more heavily regulated than other firms because of their central role inthe economy. However, governments could regulate more smartly, raising capitalrequirements for big and systemically important banks while easing the burden on smallerones. Regulators should be even more relaxed about many of the new entrants to themarket, most of which simply provide quicker and simpler ways of shifting money around.Most of these start-ups avoid the alchemy of bankingthe transformation of short-termdeposits into long-term loansso pose little systemic risk.

　　银行比其他公司的监管更严厉，原因是它们在经济活动中至关重要。但是，政府能更聪明地管理银行业。提高对大型系统性银行的监管，放松对小型银行的管理。监管人员应该对新入行的公司放轻松，这些公司只是提供更方便快捷的转账方式。大多数初创公司避开银行业的核心业务--将短期存款转换成长期借贷--这样系统性风险就很小了。

　　The idea of lighter-touch regulation will seem to many an anathema after the financialcrisis. It would certainly lead to more failures by small banks and start-ups. This would alsoimpose some costs on society and deposit-guarantee schemes. Yet these costs would beoutweighed by the enormous benefits to consumers and businesses of a far morecompetitive financial system.

　　对很多人来说，金融危机之后放宽监管很危险。当然，放松监管会带来很多小银行和初创公司的失败。这也会给社会以及存款保证计划带来很多代价。但是这些代价会被消费者的获利和金融系统更激烈的竞争所抵消。

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