河冈博士关注一种称为血凝素的蛋白质在禽流感传播中的作用。
HA is the viral equivalent of a grappling hook:
HA处于病毒一方,像一个锚一样:
it lets the virus latch onto a cell by binding to substances called sialic acids that are found inreceptors on the cell s surface.
它通过绑定受体细胞表面的唾液酸,使得病毒抓紧细胞。
This done, the virus infects the cell with its DNA.
这样做,接下来病毒就可以以其DNA感染细胞了。
But because the sialic acid found in birds is chemically different from that in mammals,
但是由于禽类身上发现有唾液酸在化学成份上不同于哺乳类的,
and because bird flu has evolved to recognise only the avian variety, it cannot stick easily tomammalian cells,
也由于禽流感进化得只能识别禽类变种,所以HA吸附到哺乳类动物细胞上不那么容易,
limiting its ability to infect people.
也就是说它感染人类的能力十分有限。
The researchers wanted to know what it would take to enhance that ability.
研究人员想要了解HA怎样才能提高这种能力。
They took the HA gene from avian influenza viruses found in Vietnam and made millions ofmutant versions, each of which was spliced back into a copy of the original virus.
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