The authors then look at five countries, all emerging markets but with different levels ofincome, different legal traditions and differenthistories of using the law for social policy. They calculate what proportion of the benefitsresulting from legal judgments under rights-based laws go to the poorest 40% of thepopulation in each country.
Daniel Brinks和Varun Gauri研究时将目光集中在五个有着不同收入水平和法律体系的新兴市场国家,这些国家利用法律为社会政策服务的历史也各有千秋。他们对各个国家基于权利相关法律的裁定进行利益分析,计算其中属于最穷的40%人口的比例。
India, they find, has been most successful by this measure. Its courts are the most likely totake up regulation cases which raise broad policy issues. The authors reckon Indian rulingshave pushed up first-grade enrolment of girls by 10% a year, bringing 7m children intoschool-feeding programmes. Despite serious problems with enforcement, 84% of the benefitsof relevant rulings, they think, have gone to the poorest twofifths. South Africa also usesregulation cases extensively. Here, the poor received three-quarters of the benefits oflegal rulings on health and 100% of the gains from education rulings.
研究人员发现,印度在这项统计中的表现最为优异。印度法院最易于接受涉及法规的案件,这类案件通常都包含有影响广泛的社会议题。Daniel Brinks和Varun Gauri认为,印度通过制订法规将700万儿童纳入学校午餐计划,将该国女孩的基础教育入学率在一年内提高了10%。尽管实施过程依然包含着许多严重的问题,但他们认为84%的利益都分配给了最穷的40%人口。南非法院同样易于接受涉及法规的案件,根据统计,该国涉及健康政策的法律裁定使穷人获得了四分之三的利益,而与教育政策相关的裁定则为100%。
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