The problem is getting the immune system to pay attention to a molecule that is such asmall target.
问题是让免疫系统注意到这么小的一个目标。
The way that has been tried in the past is to build the vaccine from several components.
过去所尝试过的方法是让疫苗的组成成分多样化。
First, there is a large carrier protein that forms a platform for the target.
首先,需要建立一个大型蛋白质载体以作为目标平台。
Then there is the target itself, a set of smaller molecules called haptens that are attached tothe carrier.
在有了目标之后,再将一系列叫做半抗原的小分子附属在载体上。
These may either be the drug in question or some analogue of it that, for one reason oranother, is reckoned to have a better chance of training the immune system.
这些半抗原既可以是毒品本身也可以是毒品的类似物质从而更好地引起免疫系统的注意。
Finally, there is a chemical cocktail called an adjuvant that helps get the immune system topay attention to the carrier protein and the haptens.
最后,一个叫做辅助剂的化学品混合体可以帮助免疫系统注意到蛋白质载体和这些半抗原。
Dr Janda noticed that past experiments on methamphetamine vaccines had all revolvedaround tweaking either the carrier protein or the adjuvant,
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