整个欧元区的家庭与企业存款总和达7.6万亿欧元。 假使你只为家庭存款提供担保, 承保金额也达5.9万亿。 这些存款不会都得到担保。 欧盟委员会2010年的一项研究推测有72%的存款在10万欧元承保限额的范围之内。 更重要的是, 欧盟基金无需庞大到足以应付欧洲各国同时发生存款流失危机,仅需足够应付边缘国家发生的此类情况即可。 因为存款应该是流向德国等核心国家银行的。 如此一来, 欧盟基金就只需足够担保边缘国家大约1.3万亿存款。
The question then is how much of that amount a prefunded scheme would have to set aside.Economists at Citigroup reckon that a fund ought to start with a baseline of 2% of insureddeposits, and then top up that amount with an additional premium to reflect the risk thatperipheral countries may leave the euro and that their currencies would then depreciate.Assuming a less-than-10% chance of all the peripheral countries leaving, and that when theydid their currencies would fall by 30%, a prefunded scheme would need 154 billion Euro-198billion. Such a fund should ordinarily be financed by a small insurance premium on deposits,but since the money is needed to restore confidence now, it would have to be backed bythe ESM.
问题在于这项预先拨款计划需要拨出多少资金。 花旗银行经济学家认为这笔资金必须以承保存款总额的2%为下限, 再在此基础上加上一个风险溢价, 用以反映边缘国家可能退出欧元区及其货币随之贬值的风险。假定所有边缘国家都退出欧元区的可能性低于10%, 且他们一旦退出, 他们的货币会贬值30%, 那么这项预先拨款计划将需要1540-1980亿资金。 这样一笔资金通常是由小型存款保险费来支付, 但现在正需要钱用来重塑储户信心, 导致这笔资金只能由ESM来提供。
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