自那以后,Markey夫妇发现他们的研究结论同样适用于鱼类、蜥蜴、卷尾猴、恒河猴、大猩猩还有人类。尽管,在许多这些动物中,研究结论还须做些微的转变。睾丸激素并不仅仅是在繁殖时期骤升然后养育时期骤降。恰恰相反,睾丸激素产生受雄性在繁殖竞争获胜本身影响。那么,对于人类而言,人类的荷尔蒙水平会在挑战时上升,而在挑战成功后会升得更高。相形之下,挑战失败则会导致荷尔蒙水平下降。
Previous research has found these hormonal ups and downs in male wrestlers, martialartists, tennis players, chess players and even people playing a coin-flip game. Inevolutionary terms, it makes sense.If a losing male continues to be aggressive, thechances are he will be seriously injured . Turning down his testosterone level helps ward off that risk.Conversely, the winner can afford to get really dominant, as the threat of retaliation hasreceded.
先前的研究发现,在男性摔跤运动员、武术运动员、网球运动员、棋手、甚至玩抛硬币游戏的人们中,荷尔蒙水平都会上上下下。从进化论的角度将,这讲得通。假使一个失败的男性继续保持进攻性,那么他就会有严重受伤的可能。。减少睾丸激素水平则会让其避免那种风险。与之相反,复仇的威胁消退之后,获胜者则可提高荷尔蒙水平以获得实际支配权。
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