哥伦比亚大学的丹尼尔巴特斯和康奈尔大学的大卫皮塞罗观察到这一现象,使得他们发问,在现实生活中,功利主义者究竟表现为怎样的人。
Their answers, just published in Cognition, are not comfortable.
在他们最近合著的《认知》给出的答案了让人不安。
One of the classic techniques used to measure a person s willingness to behave in autilitarian way is known as trolleyology.
失控电车困境 是公认的经典方法,用来判断一个人是否乐意根据功利主义原则做决定。
The subject of the study is challenged with thought experiments involving a runaway railwaytrolley or train carriage.
在这个思维实验中,被调查者面临一部失控电车或者火车车厢带来的困境。
All involve choices, each of which leads to people s deaths.
而所有给出的选项都涉及人命。
For example: there are five railway workmen in the path of a runaway carriage. The men willsurely be killed unless the subject of the experiment, a bystander in the story, doessomething.
假设,五个处于失控电车铁轨上的铁路工人危在旦夕,亟需站在横跨铁路的桥梁上的路人,也就是被调查者伸出援手。
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