Mr Lvi-Strauss, throwing down the gauntlet in La Pense Sauvage in 1962, saw nothingprimitive about the tribes he studied. Totemism, for example, was a system as complex asthe Linnaean classification. In tribal myths, apparently diverse and arbitrary elementseruptions by lizards and woodpeckers, the significance of black arrows or the artemisiaplantwere suddenly revealed to have a universal unity at their heart, a quest forobjective knowledge and origins as acute as any in the West. The minds behind them werenot savage, just untamed. The salient difference was that his tribesmen stayed withintheir limits, simply putting the materials they had together in new ways, like handymen orbricoleurs. Civilised man, on the other hand, tried to defy his constraints and change theworld with new inventions, like an engineer.
列维-斯特劳斯在1962年出版了《野性的思维》一书,等于是下的战书。斯特劳斯认为自己研究的原始族群一点都不原始。比如,图腾这个系统的复杂程度堪比林奈的植物学分类体系。族群神话中那些表面看起来复杂任意的元素 比如蜥蜴、啄木鸟和火山爆发,比如黑色的箭或是蒿类植物的特殊含义如果究其内核,会突然显现出协同一致性,那是一种对于客观知识和万物由来的探求,当中表现出的急切感不亚于西方任何一次同类的探求。神话背后折射出的不是一群野蛮人的思维,只是未驯服的思维。斯特劳斯笔下的原始人和我们明显不同的地方在于,他们并不逾越自身所处的限度,而只是把已有的东西换一种方式重新组合而已,就像杂活工一样。而文明人则好像工程师:通过创新发明来藐视人类自身的局限,来改变世界。
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