Only one other state, Alaska, has loser-pays, and only for a portion of fees. More intriguingly,Florida imposed loser-pays in 1980 for medical-malpractice cases. The number of claimsdropped, but the average award rose, suggesting that more high-merit cases got their day incourt while low-merit filings were deterred or settled for less. But many losing plaintiffs weretoo poor to pay the winners costs, while in one case a losing defendant had to pay millions forthe plaintiffs legal fees. Even doctors supported the laws repeal in 1985.
还有另外唯一一个实行败诉偿付的州,那就是阿拉斯加,但这里败诉方支付的仅是胜诉方法律成本的一部分。更有趣的是,1980年佛罗里达州在处理医疗事故案例时就使用过败方赔偿制度。这种制度的实施使诉讼的数量下降了,但平均裁决赔偿额提高了,这表明,诉诸法律的更多的是那些一方获胜把握比较大的案子,而那些胜算不大的侵权纠纷,诉讼数量或判决数量都减少了。但是,有很多败诉的原告生活穷困,无力支付对方的法律成本,而在另一起诉讼中,败诉的被告要支付原告数百万元的法律费用。在1985年,连医生都支持废除这项法律。
Marie Gryphon of the Manhattan Institute, a centre-right think-tank, who is author of a loser-pays proposal, says that Texas got much less than half a loaf, and that Florida was spookedtoo quickly. She argues that loser-pays countries need legal insurance, which can be bought in England for just ?100-200 after an alleged loss, but before a suitis filed. Lawyers can advance the premiums and add them to their bills. In other countries,such as Germany, many households carry standing legal insurance with a small monthlypremium. Ms Gryphon argues that in such a mature loser-pays market more small-value buthigh-merit cases would be brought, while both small nuisance suits and big lottery suitswould be less attractive to lawyers.
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