许多金属物体的表面都覆盖着其他金属层来保护自己。例如,铁就通常会镀上锌。而这种新技术的基本构想就是在金属覆盖层中加入微小并且充满液体的胶囊。当金属的覆盖层受到扎刺或划损时,受损区域的胶囊将会破裂并渗出具有恢复性的液体---三价铬钝化化合物。这些液体将与周围金属原子发生反应,形成几个分子厚、坚固且具有保护性的膜,以修复表面的损害。
The idea of doing this has been around for years, but it has proved difficult in practice becausethe capsules used were too big. Surface coatings tend to be about 20 microns thick. The capsules were 10-15 microns acrosslarge enough to disrupt the coatings,and thus do more harm than good. The trick worked out by Dr dos Santos and Dr Mayer is howto create capsules a few hundredths of this size.
这种构想已经现世好几年了,但是由于过去所使用的胶囊太大,在实践中应用起来难度很大。金属表面的覆盖层厚度趋近于20微米,而过去用的胶囊跨度为10到15微米,这种跨度足以打乱覆盖层的结构,因此对金属造成的弊大于利。dos Santos 博士和Mayer博士想出来的诀窍就是如何创造跨度仅为过去的百分之几的胶囊。
The capsules the researchers have come up with are made by mixing butylcyanoacrylate, achemical found in superglue, with an oil carrying the healing compounds. This mixture is thenmixed with dilute hydrochloric acid. The result is an emulsion of droplets between 100 and 300nanometres across. Each droplet has an oil core surrounded by a thinlayer of butylcyanoacrylate. To make the droplets stable, phosphate is added to the emulsion.This triggers the polymerisation of the butylcyanoacrylate into a tough plastic, which forms theoutside of the capsule.
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