The slaughter of many thousands of landlords byofficials and vengeful peasants shortly after the communist takeover resulted in profoundchanges in the system of rural land ownership. Peasants got the land Mao promised them,but only briefly. In the late 1950s the party took it back again and forced farmers intocollectively owned peoples communes. The legacy of that disastrous decision, whichcontributed to a famine that left tens of millions dead, still weighs heavily on rural China. Sotoo does a decision to confer hereditary status on peasants, who would be all but barredfrom cities to stop them rushing in to find work.
在共产党取得政权之后的极短时间里,政府官员和仇恨的农民就屠杀了数以千万计的地主,这导致了农村土地所有权体制的深刻变化。农民正如毛主席保证的那样夺取了土地,但仅仅是短暂的取得。在1950年代晚期,党又把土地收了回来,并强制农民加入集体所有的人民公社。这一灾难性的决策遗留下的祸害之处就是,招来了一场对中国农村仍然造孽深重的数以千万人死亡的饥荒。一个对只会被城市所阻止的,为了寻找工作而涌入城市的农民的世代相传的权利状态进行转变的决策,只会带来同样。
The curse of the hukou
户口的诅咒
The hukou system, as this one-time apartheid is commonly known, applied to urban as well asrural dwellers, but peasants got a worse deal because they received hardly any welfare benefits,and job prospects in the countryside were dismal. The system has been much eroded sincethe Mao era because of the need for cheap labour to fuel Chinas manufacturing boom. But itslingering impact, combined with the still collective ownership of rural land, will retard Chinasurbanisation in the years ahead just when the country is most in need of its consumption-boosting benefits. Two researchers from Chinas finance ministry, Chen Xiaoqiang and Liu Ling,wrote in March that it was time to start returning land to the peasants, both to spurconsumption and to help defuse growing rural unrest. Most officials dare not say this sobluntly, but they admit that change is needed.
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