The modernisation hypothesis suggested aparticular direction of change: more education andincome should beget greater democracy. But asthe right-hand chart shows, there is virtually nostatistical association at all between changes in acountrys level of education and its measured levelof democracy. If this is true, there is no particularreason to hope that more education will lead to amore democratic world.
现代化假说表明一个特定的变化方向:更好的教育和更多的收入应该能够导致更加民主。但是正如右边的图表所示的那样,在一个国家教育水平的变化和它测量的民主水平之间确实没有统计上的关系。假如真是这样的话,就不存在特别的原因希望更好的教育导致一个更加民主的世界。
A recent NBER paper sheds light on why this might be the case. Those who posit that moreschooling leads to greater democracy often have specific ideas about how peoples attitudeschange as a result of their becoming more educated, arguing that it creates people who aremore willing to challenge authority. It is possible, however, that education reinforcesauthority and the power of ruling elites; indeed, it may often be designed to do precisely this.The study tried to find out which of these competing ideas of the effects of education is moreaccurate.
最近一个NBER论文解释了为什么可能是这样。那些假设更好的教育导致更加民主的人通常有一个特定的想法,认为作为人们得到更好教育的结果之一,人们的态度会发生改变,这导致了更加愿意挑战权威的人。但是,教育增强了权威和管理精英的力量是可能的,事实上,教育可能经常被设计去这样做。研究试图去找出这些不同的关于教育影响的观念中哪个是更加正确的。
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