2015考研英语阅读中国人口_大学英语阅读

2015考研英语阅读中国人口

　　这次人口普查结果很有可能会激化中国国内存在于持有特权的控制人口的官僚阶层和不断增长的呼吁人口统计学专家之间的辩论，这些学者呼吁放松独生子女政策。他们之间的辩论不仅会从设计政治远景，也将触及过去，而这在中国并非鲜见。

　　One of the academics, Wang Feng, director of the Brookings-Tsinghua Centre for Public Policy,argues that Chinas demographic pattern had already changed dramatically by the time theone-child policy began in 1980. The total fertility rate had been 5.8 in 1950, he notes, and haddeclined sharply to 2.3 by 1980, just above replacement level.

　　担任布鲁金斯清华公共政策研究中心的主任的王丰作为学者派之一，认为中国的人口模式在自1980年独生子女政策实行以来已经发生了巨大改变。他解释说，1950年总生育率为5.8，而1980年巨幅下降至2.3，略微高于人口更替水平的底线。

　　Other countries achieved similar declines in fertility during the same period. The crucialinfluences, Mr Wang reckons, are the benefits of development, including better health care andsharp drops in high infant-mortality rates which led people to have many children in order toensure that at least some would survive. By implication, coercive controls had little to dowith lowering fertility, which would have happened anyway. Countries that simply improvedaccess to contraceptivesThailand and Indonesia, for instancedid as much to reduce fertilityas China, with its draconian policies. Taiwan, which the government in Beijing regards as anintegral part of China, cut its fertility rate as much as China without population controls.