In finding trial responses. the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like. rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players;while some other person may most influence his approach to books.
Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole. and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations. imitating much that they do. We leam that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
参考译文
断言孩子们通过模仿来学习。而教育的方式就是树立好的榜样,这是把问题过于简单化了。没有一个孩子是看到什么就模仿什么的。有时,他无视家长希望他效仿的榜样,反而向其他榜样学一些截然相反的方式。照此我们应当放弃 小猴看样学样 的观点,转而探索更深奥的理论。
从孩子的立场来看看这个问题。他处于新情况下,没有形成现成的反应。他寻找一个能够实现一定目的的反应。如果他对这一新情况既没有现成反应,又不能想出该怎么去做,他会选择一个榜样来观察,这个榜样看起来能获得正确的结果,他会寻找一个能指导他如何去做的权威或专家。
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