大学英语四级阅读冲刺_大学英语阅读

大学英语四级阅读冲刺

　　否定的状语引导主干，主句的主、谓要倒装

　　Under way 开始=start

　　四级细节题一般定位在哪一段，就在哪一段找答案。

　　例题2：

　　Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards ,from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity .behaviorists ,who study the relation between actions and their consequences ,argue that rewards can improve performance at word and school. Cognitive researchers ,who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts form others .

　　The latter view has gained many supporters ,especially among educators .but the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children ,suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness ,according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

　　If kids know theyre wording for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance of creating too much anticipation for rewards.

　　A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.