注:1.physiologically 生理的,mental / phycological 心理的
2.modify 修改、改变;pair with 伴随
3.it is ...that 强调介词状语结构
分类型文章:1.分为几类就是文章主题
2.抓住各类主体词/基本特征词(通常为动词)
3.多余段落通常例证某一类
The second kind of learning is called operant conditioning. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.
注:1.operant 操作型的,词源 operate
2.cuddle 拥抱
3.第一种 classical conditioning:联系而去做;第二种 operant conditioning:有奖惩而去做
Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.
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