In 2001, the education and technology writer Marc Prensky popularized the term digital natives to describe the first generations of children growing up fluent in the language of computers, video games, and other technologies. This term took on a whole new significance in April 2010, when the iPad was released. iPhones had already been tempting young children, but the screens were a little small for pudgy toddler hands to navigate with ease and accuracy. Plus, parents tended to be more possessive of their phones, hiding them in pockets or purses. The iPad was big and bright, and a case could be made that it belonged to the family. Researchers who study childrens media immediately recognized it as a game changer.
Previously, young children had to be shown by their parents how to use a mouse or a remote, and the connection between what they were doing with their hand and what was happening on the screen took some time to grasp. But with the iPad, the connection is obvious, even to toddlers. Touch technology follows the same logic as shaking a rattle or knocking down a pile of blocks: the child swipes, and something immediately happens. A rattle on steroids, is what Buckleitner calls it. All of a sudden a finger could move a bus or smush an insect or turn into a big wet gloopy paintbrush. To a toddler, this is less magic than intuition. At a very young age, children become capable of what the psychologist Jerome Bruner called enactive representation they classify objects in the world not by using words or symbols but by making gesturessay, holding an imaginary cup to their lips to signify that they want a drink. Their hands are a natural extension of their thoughts.
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