In 1924 American National Research Council sent engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the Hawthorne effect , the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior. The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_something was changed, productivity rose. A___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers behavior ____10____itself. After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. The Hawthorne experiments have another surprise in store: _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that particular way of conducting the experiments may have led to__ 14__ interpretation of what happened.__ 15___, lighting was always changed on Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 _to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday. Workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the working week in any case, before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged Hawthorne effect is hard to pin down.
【名师精讲大学英语四级完型填空解析讲义:(124)】相关文章:
最新
2016-08-08
2016-03-01
2016-03-01
2016-03-01
2016-03-01
2016-03-01