例(1)They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
解析:此句中Which引导的定语从句较它,我们可以用转换法把它译成并列分词。译文为:他们正在为实现这一理想而努力,这个理想是每个中国人内心所珍爱的,在过去,许多中国人曾为它而牺牲了自己的生命。
例(2)Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.
解析:此句that引导的定语从句也较它。如果考生不能精炼地表达出that后面内容而又把它放在features前,就不符合汉语表达方式。此时,考生可用转换法把该从句变成一并列分句。译文为:即使是最老道的作家也很可能描述出全部特征,这些特征能够体现出各人面孔的不同。
2. 宾词从句常考
宾词从句一般在句子中做宾语,它总体上也符合汉语主、谓、宾表达方式。而四六级英译汉试题中的宾语从句本身也较容易,没有复杂结构。故此类试题用顺向法即可翻译出,即顺着字面的内容从前向后翻译,也就是通常所指的直译。
例(1)Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 ream without being damaged.
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