Note: 行为不能持续的瞬间动词, 如arrive, begin, come, go, start, leave, die, join等通常不能用于这一语法意义,即该类动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
--He has joined the army for five years. (误)
--He has been in the army for five years. (正)
2) 过去完成时:
① 构成:had +过去分词
② 语法意义及要点:
过去完成时表示某一动作或情况发生在过去某一时刻之前并持续到该时刻。
--David and Jenny had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
--They had got everything ready before the party began.
Note: 与现在完成时截然不同的是过去完成时可以与表示具体过去的时间状语连用。
--He said that he had seen her the day before yesterday.
3) 将来完成时:
① 构成:shall / will + have +过去分词
② 语法意义及要点:
将来完成时表示某一动作在将来某一时刻或将来某一动作之前已经完成或发生。
--He will have graduated from high school before his next birthday.
--The shop will have closed already before you get there.
2. 哪些动词不能用于进行时
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