General Vessey could answer the president’s question so promptly — and national-security aides could compose NSDD-145 in such detailed language — because, deep within the bureaucracy, a small group of scientists and spies had been concerned about this looming threat for more than a decade.
维西将军之所以能够如此迅速地回答总统的问题,国家安全部门的工作人员之所以能够以这样详细的措辞起草NSDD-145,这都是因为在官僚机构内部,有一小群科学家与间谍,十几年前便已经开始关注这个即将到来的威胁。
In the 1960s, the Defense Department’s Advanced Research Projects Agency undertook a program called the ARPAnet. The idea, a precursor to the Internet, was to let Pentagon labs and contractors share data and research on the same network.
20世纪60年代,国防部的高级研究计划署(Defense Department’s Advanced Research Projects Agency )开展了一个名叫ARPAnet的项目。它是互联网的先驱,目的是令国防部的实验室与承包商分享数据资料,在同一个网络内进行研究。
Just before the program’s rollout, in April 1967, an engineer named Willis Ware wrote a paper called “Security and Privacy in Computer Systems.” A computer pioneer dating back to the ’40s, Mr. Ware headed the computer science department at the RAND Corporation, the think tank in Santa Monica, Calif.
这个项目于1967年4月启动,在此之前,一个名叫威利斯·威尔(Willis Ware)的工程师写了一篇论文,名为《电脑系统的安全与隐私》。早在40年代,威尔便已经是电脑领域内的先驱,他在加利福尼亚州圣塔莫尼卡的智库——兰德公司(RAND Corporation)领导着一个电脑科技部门。
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