令人惊奇的是,人们对图坦卡蒙这位少年法老知之甚少,但一些史学家相信自己已掌握了他真正的死因。少年身上的伤口显示:在进行尸体防腐处理时,尸体里并没有心脏和胸壁。这种另类的处理方式表明,法老在逝世前受了很严重的外伤。一部分埃及古物学者认为,这一致命伤口可能是河马咬的。史料显示,埃及人的确把追猎河马当作运动,而少年法老的墓室里也有他高举鱼叉的塑像。如果这位法老那么执着于危险游戏,那只能说这次是真的玩大了。
9. Some Egyptian doctors had specialized fields of study.
部分埃及医生开始细化医学研究
An ancient physician was usually a jack-of-all-trades, but evidence shows that Egyptian doctors sometimes focused on healing only one part of the human body. This early form of medical specialization was first noted in 450 B.C. by the traveler and historian Herodotus. Discussing Egyptian medicine, he wrote, “Each physician is a healer of one disease and no more…some of the eye, some of the teeth, some of what pertains to the belly.” These specialists even had specific names. Dentists were known as “doctors of the tooth,” while the term for proctologists literally translates to “shepherd of the anus.”
一般说来,埃及的内科医师都是多面手,但也有史料显示,部分医师有时只专注于治疗人体某个部位。公元前450年,旅行家及史学家西罗多德率先发现了这种早期的医学专门化研究。谈及埃及医学,他写道:“每位医师负责研究一种疾病,仅限一种……一些研究眼睛,一些研究牙齿,一些研究肚子里的器官。”而且,这些医师还有各自的名字,如牙医被称为“牙齿专用医师”,而直肠病医师的名称直译过来则是“肛门看护员”。
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★ 英文名著精选阅读:《小妇人》第三章:劳伦斯家的男孩 第14节
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