But in order to further test their conclusions, the researchers added some important difficulties.
Before the children actually got a chance to work on a problem set of their choice, Mueller and Dweck required them to work on a second set of problems that were much more difficult than the first set. The children were then asked to explain why they had performed poorly on the second set of problems. The children praised for intelligence based on performance on the first set of problems were more likely to think that their failure on the second set of problems reflected lack of ability; children praised for hard work initially were more likely to think that their failure on the second set of problems was due to lack of effort. Children praised for ability were less likely to want to continue to work on the problems and reported enjoying working on the second set of tasks less than did those praised for hard work. As icing on the cake, Mueller and Dweck then had the children work on a third set of problems. Children who had initially been praised for intelligence solved fewer problems than those initially praised for hard work.
The conclusions are obvious: If you want to build your kids intelligence (and your own), emphasize and praise for effort and hard work, not for intelligence or IQ. Not only does that process reject the conventional and highly limiting views of innate intelligence, but more significantly, it puts performance under the control of the person. You may not think youve got the ability, but you sure as hell can put more effort into something you want to learn. And, thats especially true when youve got an effective teacher and coach.
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