4、对比法或比较法(comparison contrast)
将同类事物按照某种特定规则进行比较分析是一种常用思维方法。通过对比,更容易阐述所述对象之间异同和优缺点,例如:
The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes, or transistors. Its electronic circuits ork a thousand times faster than the nicer cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being a long time to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute.
在这段文字上,作者为了突出电子计算机运行速度之快,首先将它与人脑进行了比较, a thousand times faster than 而后,又将这一概念具体到了a problem上,通过对比使读者从 a long time in one minute上有更加直观认识。
常用于对本法或比较法上过渡连接词有:than, compared ith等。
5、分类法(classification)
在阐述某一概念段落中,常用分类法。通过对概念中所包括事物进行分门别类,分别加以叙述,使读者有更为清晰认识,如:
Ever since humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. hen there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in hich motions stand for letters, ords and ideas. Tourists and the people unable to hear or speak have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of hole ords are very vivid and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, hoever, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A nod signifies approval, hile shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in signal flags, Morse code, and picture signs.
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