谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看,可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前,而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语这前。
引起倒装的情况多种多样,倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种:
1.在疑问句中
例1:How are you getting along with your work?
例2:Is this report written in detail?
注:如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时,不发生倒装。
2.在there be 及其类似结构中
例1:There are forty students in our class.
例2:There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet.
例3:There stands a bridge across the river.
3.在表示祝愿的句子中
例1:Long live the Peoples Republic of China!
例2:May you succeed!
例3:Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on.
4.在省略if 的虚拟语气条件状语从句中
这类句子中有were, had, should等词时,把were, had或should置于句首。
例1:Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world.
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