In the last twenty years or so, some undeveloped countries have increased their food production.Their populations have at the same time grown faster.The standard of living hasnt improved.The increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands.There has been no gain in the productivity of land labour.
以上每个句子在意义上是关联的,排列次序也是正确的,但仍然没有完全具备篇章的条件,因为句与句之间并没有用合适的连接手段粘合起来,从而看不出意义的重心,把握不住逻辑思维的脉络。而如果在上面这组句子中间加上一些转折词语(transitional words and expressions),显示句与句之间的逻辑关系,这就能贯通思想的脉络,并形成篇章所必须具有的粘着性和连贯性。请看修改后的文字:
In the last twenty years or so,some undeveloped countries have increased their food production.Their populations,however,have at the same time grown faster,and so their standard of living hasnt improved.Whats more, their increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands.As a result,there has been no gain in the productivity of land labour.
因此,一篇文章要写得语意连贯,除了在写作中要遵循一定的叙事次序外,还要体现在句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间符合逻辑的联系上。要很好地完成这种写作过渡(writing transitions),主要通过下面四种方式,即(1)重复重要的词语(repeating important words);(2)使用代词(using pronouns);(3)重复句型(repeating sentence patterns) ;(4)使用转折词语。
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