莎翁描写的故事情节的影响远远大于他的语言。第一部莎翁戏剧的翻译直到1922年才由田汉完成。莎翁的语言翻译难度很大,原文中很多词语、比喻和引用都属于古英语,土生土长的英国人对其都摸不清头脑。戏剧中的诸多部分使用韵文的形式写成,受限于韵律和押韵。翻译家必须在取意舍韵、还是注重流畅性而选择点意中抉择。特别在翻译到汉语时难度最大,因为汉语是以单音节为主的语言,而不像与英文结构相似的欧语系语言。
HOW TO TRANSFER HISTORY AND COMEDY?
历史和幽默怎么照搬?
Shakespeare’s ‘History Plays’ present a different challenge to the Chinese translator. As dramatisations of real historical events, these plays require the translator to have a thorough knowledge of British history. Meanwhile, Shakespeare’s comedic moments are often based on puns – clever word play to twist meaning in an unpredictable way. These are notoriously difficult to translate directly, as they often rely on phonetics – the sounds of the words – being similar whilst the meanings are different but in a foreign language, it is highly unlikely that the requisite terms will translate so neatly as to preserve the pun.
莎士比亚的历史剧还赋予其中文翻译者另一不常见的挑战。要翻译这些史实的夸大版,作者必须具备全面的英国历史知识。同时,莎士比亚的幽默经常包含在双关语中--在人意料之外用文字游戏来曲折意思。要直接翻译是出了名的难,因为双关语通常语音相近而意思大不相同;但在外语中,翻译时要同时保留双关和意思可不是件易事。
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