Tom: So the elected politicians figure out a way to secure millions of dollars of federal funding for certain big-spending projects in return?
Tina: Exactly. Because earmarks are hard to identify, some members use them to secretly award political support from constituents and cohorts.
Tom: Do the earmarked funds need to be approved by Congress?
Tina: No, the funds are not subject to approval by members of the Congress.
Tom: How about oversight of the public? I mean public hearing or review?
Tina: No, it does not require public hearing or review either. Congress can award no-bid contracts at its discretion.
Tom: So as far as earmarks are concerned, there is no transparency or accountability in the system?
Tina: No.
Tom: I can’t believe it. How does it work then?
Tina: Normally this type of spending is inserted into non-related bills to direct funds to a specific project or recipient as incentives or awards for big campaign donors.
Tom: I assume the more powerful members of the U.S. Congress assign more earmarks for their supporters.
Tina: Indeed, and members of the Appropriations Committees in the House and Senate are in the best position to secure earmarks.
Tom: I suppose the secrecy of the earmarking process will encourage some unethical deals.
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