“笑”是人类最基本的情感表达方式,但中外各个历史时期对“笑”的刻画却大不相同:古希腊雕像笑得端庄高雅,佛兰芒画家笔下的少年笑得天真调皮;几百年前,人们以笑不露齿为礼仪,而今人们则开怀大笑,尽情展露内心的喜悦。
If you say cheese, you are ready for the photographer to render a picture-perfect portrait complete with smile. That’s the way it has been since around 1920, when photographers at British public schools[1] developed the tradition. And yet that is not the way it has always been.
In Australia there is a fashion for saying “money.” Spaniards say “patata” (potato) and the Japanese use the English word “whisky.” The Czechs used to use the Czech word for cheese, but now say “fax” which may hurtle them into modernity.[2] Plenty of languages don’t have a smile word; the photographers just ask for a smile and the subjects do the best they can.
We don’t smile just for the photographer, of course. Let’s examine smiles in art. You can bet the Mona Lisa is here, as is Frans Hals’s[3] Laughing Cavalier. There is a famous “archaic smile”[4] on early Greek sculpture. The figures of young men and women stand stiffly, but their mysterious smiles give them a reassuring amount of life.[5]
Dutch and Flemish painters of the 17th century had a favorite subject of the “hennetaster,” or “chicken groper,” a boy who smiles as he feels up a hen to see if she has an egg on the way.[6] These enormously popular paintings were riotously funny to their owners and the guests to whom they were displayed; the humor in part derived from the interchangeability of the Dutch words for bird, birds, or hens with those for genitalia, women, and other double entendres.[7]
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