这与英国流行病学家迈克尔.马尔莫(Michael Marmot)教授对1万名白厅公务员进行的纵向研究的发现一致:压力似乎集中于金字塔的顶端和底层。
But when Marianna Virtanen continued the study to look at the long-term consequences of that stress, she found working 11 or more hours a day doubled the risk of a major depressive episode.
但当玛丽安娜.弗塔嫩(Marianna Virtanen)继续研究这种压力的长期后果时,她发现每天工作11个小时或者更久,会使人出现重度抑郁期的风险加倍。
A lifetime of long hours was also associated with cognitive loss in middle years: reasoning, problem solving, creativity were all poorer.
一辈子长时间工作也与中年时期认知能力下降(推理能力、解决的问题能力和创造力都出现退化)存在相关性。
All of this damage is invisible.
这些损害都是看不见的。
If it were not — if some of the wear and tear resulted in visible injury — perhaps companies would take more care.
如果并非如此,也就是说,如果一些损害会导致可见的伤害,也许企业会更加注意。
But it is very hard for most people to accept that thinking is a physical activity, performed by the brain — which, like every organ, has limits to its capacity.
但大多数人很难接受这一观点,即思维活动是由大脑完成的一种生理活动,而大脑,就像每一个器官一样,它的能力是有限度的。
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