“We don't need a fancy app for this,_because we just need to be able to e­mail it or SMS it to our system，” said Martin Lukac, a co­founder of the nonprofit Nexleaf Analytics.

　　Sending the photo via e­mail to an online database allows the cellphone user to get back into about black soot concentration.

　　The power of that information is that it reflects the individual's exposure to air pollution.

　　If Nexleaf can get the funding, a select starting group of Californians could track local black soot levels wherever they go during a normal day—local bus stops, community centers, schools or playgrounds.

　　The nonprofit could also create apps for iPhone or

　　Android users. But Nexleaf intentionally began with the

　　low­tech solution for the sake of cellphone users in developing countries.

　　Regular cooking stoves and other burners of biomass create much of the black soot in developing countries such as India. By contrast, diesel engines in vehicles such as trucks and buses represent the main black

　　soot culprits in California and the United States—even

　　if California clean air law has reduced black soot in the

　　state in the past two decades.

　　Nexleaf’s filters have already been sent to India. There they helped an effort supported by U. N. called

　　Project Surya monitor the black soot levels from cleanerburning cooking stoves that were distributed to 500

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