4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
She is the pop star(that)I want to see very much.
5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom the+名词”。
The house whose windows are very large is my uncle's.=The house of which the windows are very large is my uncle's.
6.as可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
1)引导限制性定语从句,先行词前常有as,the same,so,such修饰,且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时,关系代词要用as。
It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.(作work out的宾语)
注意:①so/such...that结构中,that引导结果状语从句,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分。
It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work it out.(work out 已经有宾语,that只起连接作用)
②This is the same village where we spent our childhood.(先行词作从句中的地点状语,故要用关系副词where;as仅在句子缺少关系代词时使用。)
2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句,代指整个主句的内容,从句中常用的谓语动词为see,say,hear,expect,know,report等,常译为“正如,正像”,其引导的从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。
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