3．

　　The process of making a weather forecast can be separated into three steps: observation and analysis，extrapolation（推论）to find the future state of the atmosphere，and prediction of particular variables.The standard extrapolation technique is to assume that weather features will continue to move as they have been moving.In some cases the third step simply consists of noting the results of extrapolation，but actual prediction usually involves considerable efforts beyond this.

　　4．

　　Great attention is paid to weather forecasts during times of severe events（blizzard，hurricane and typhoon，tornado），and so forth.Accordingly，the National Weather Service（NWS）commits significant resources to the forecast of such events.Blizzards or strong extra­tropical cycles are handled through the usual forecast information channels，with the local NWS office issuing special advisories as appropriate.

　　5．

　　A number of new observing systems are being developed for forecasting purposes.These include the Next­Generation Radar digital weather radar，which is intended to detect motions towards or away from the radar installation.In addition，automated systems are being developed for taking observations at surface stations and on board buoys（浮标），ships，and aircraft.The communications，processing，and display systems intended to govern this torrent of further data are still being elaborated（详述）．

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