4. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别: 过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,如: Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶 The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。 At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears. 看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。 英语中这样的分词还有很多,如:amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。
5. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别: 过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语: boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水 developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家 fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况
由此可见,过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作;而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。 三、提高练习 1. I’m going to have my car ________ . A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix 2. What’s the language ______ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 3. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by 4. He had his leg _______ in the match yesterday. A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking 5. Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 6. ________ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 8. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 9. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 10. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played 11. Don’t get _________ in the rain. A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught 12. I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road. A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick 13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ? ---Last week. A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted 14. The children were found _________ in the cave. A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped 15. They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down. A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain 16. On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street. A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing 17. No one enjoys ______ fun of in public. A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make 18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _____. A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak 19. ______ from space, the earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball. A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered 20. An _________ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly
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