安徽省明光英普辅导中心高考英语二轮复习精品课件：介词与连词_高考复习指南

安徽省明光英普辅导中心高考英语二轮复习精品课件：介词与连词

　　B. so long as

　　C. so much as

　　D. as soon as 14.【答案与解析】 A

　　本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。A意为“除…之外（还有）；和”；B意为“只要”；C意为“与…一样多”（不用于肯定句）；D意为“一…就”。此题句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。根据句意选A。【2012全国II】16. 100℃ is the temperature ______ which water will boil. A. for

　　B. at

　　C. on

　　D. of 【答案】B 【解析】此处是介词前置的定语从句，temperature是先行词，根据介词短语at the temperature可知用at which，which代替temperature。句意：100度是水沸腾的温度。【考点定位】考查介词的用法。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * (2)在否定句或否定结构中，表示并列的两个部分都是否定。 He can't speak French or Russian. 他不会说法语，也不会说俄语。 He studied for one whole day, without any food or rest. 他学了整整一天，既不吃饭也不休息。 (3)or还有“否则”的意思。 Take this bus, or you won't get there in time. 搭这辆公共汽车吧，否则你无法及时到达那里。 2．either...or...(或……或……) either...or...和or一样可表选择意义，但选择的意义较or强。 You can either stay at home or go fishing. 你可以呆在家里，也可以去钓鱼。 I want to visit either Paris or London. 我不是去巴黎参观就是去伦敦看看。 3．whether...or...(不管是……还是……) Whether by accident or by design, they met. 不管是巧遇还是事先安排的，他们见了面。 Whether he drives or takes the bus, he'll be here on time. 不管是开车还是坐公交车，他都会准时到达这里。 4．rather than(而不，也不) He went out by himself rather than stay as an unwelcome guest. 他独自一人走了，而不愿做个不受欢迎的人留下来。 Miss Sunny took an art course rather than take a politics course. 珊妮小姐宁可去上艺术课程也不愿去上政治学课程。 5．or else(否则)，otherwise(要不然) or else, otherwise通常接在祈使句的后面。 Hurry up, or else/otherwise you'll be late. 快一点，否则你会迟到的。 Seize the chance, or else/otherwise you will regret it. 抓住这次机会，不然你会后悔的。 (三)表示转折的连词表示转折关系的并列连词有：but, while, still, yet, however, whereas, nevertheless等。转折连词可表示对两者或两种事物看法委婉的转折，也可表示情况相反，以形成鲜明对照。但是转折连词的用法，强弱对比应视具体情况而定。 He made good promises but always swallow them. 他说得很好听，却总不兑现。 Jenny dances well, while Anna doesn't. 珍妮的舞跳得很棒，而安娜不行。 He felt sick, still he kept on schooling. 尽管身体不适，但他还是坚持上学。 They did their best, yet they were defeated. 虽然他们尽了力，却还是失败了。 He apologized, however, I won't forgive him. 尽管他道了歉，但我还是不会原谅他。 (四)表示因果的连词表示因果关系的连词有for, so, therefore, thus等。 1．for(因为) for作并列连词，表示原因时，只能放在表示结果的句子之后，且用逗号隔开，旨在对前面句子进行解释说明或提供证据。 He will surely succeed, for he works hard. 他一定会成功，因为他工作很努力。 It is morning, for the birds are singing. 清晨到，鸟儿唱。 2．so(所以) therefore(因此)，thus(因而)等副词性连词，通常放在表示结果的句子之前，表示结果。 It was dark, so we went home. 天黑了，所以我们回家了。 He was busy, therefore he could not come. 他很忙，所以不能来。 His car broke down, thus he was late for work. 由于他的车坏了，所以他上班迟到了。二、从属连词从属连词通常引导附属分句(即从句)，从属于主句。从属连词主要分为两类：一种是引导各种状语从句的连词，在句中主要说明时间、原因、条件、目的等；另一种是引导各种名词性从句连词，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语等。 (一)引导状语从句的连词引导状语从句的从属连词，根据其在句中的意义和作用分为下列几种情形： 1．引导时间状语从句的连词引导时间状语从句的常用连词有after, before, as, when, while, whenever, since, till, as soon as等。 (1)as, when和while在意义上和用法上的区别。 as意为at the same time; when意为at the time that，它们可以指一点时间，也可以指一段时间；while意为during the time that，只能用于指一段时间。 when引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作或状态可以和主句中谓语动词表示的动作或状态同时发生，也可以先后发生；而while和as引导的从句，从句和主句的动作往往同时发生。 My brother fell downstairs when/as/while I had dinner. 我吃晚饭的时候我弟弟从楼梯上摔了下来。 The flight had just taken off when we arrived at the airport. 我们到达机场时，飞机刚好起飞。 The lark sings merrily as it flies high. 百灵鸟翱翔在天空时，欢快地歌唱。 (2)when和while有时起并列连词的作用。when表示“突然”、“这时”的意思，由它引起的句子通常位于主句之后。 She was just about to leave the room when the telephone rang. 她正要离开房间，这时电话铃响了。 They were about to board when it poured cats and dogs. 他们正准备登机，这时候下起了倾盆大雨。 (3)while连接两个在意义上相对比的句子，表示“而”、“却”的意思。 Jane was dressed in brown, while Mary was dressed in blue. 简穿的是褐色衣服，而玛丽的是蓝色的。 Mr. Green always reads newspaper in the study after supper while Mrs. Green knits in the living room. 格林先生晚饭之后总是在书房里读报，而格林太太坐在起居室里织毛衣。 2．引导原因状语从句的连词引导原因状语从句的最常见连词是because, since和as。 (1)because引导的原因状语从句，表示说话人认为听话人不知道的原因或理由，从句往往是整个主从复合句的重心。 He was annoyed because he missed the bus. 他很生气，因为他没坐上公交车。 The manager of IT department didn't attend the morning meeting because he fell ill all of a sudden that morning. 信息部经理没能出席晨会是因为那天早上他突然感到身体不适。 (2)since和as表示原因时，往往表示人们显然已知的理由或原因，因此，侧重点是主句的内容，原因只作附带说明。对这些连词在句中的语气而言，because最强，since次之(在意义上相当于汉语中的“既然”讲)，as最弱。 Since his method doesn't work, let's try yours. 既然他的方法不灵，那么就试一试你的方法。 Since everybody is here, let's start. 既然大伙儿都到了，那么就开始吧。 As you object, I'll reconsider the plan. 因为你反对，我要重新考虑这个计划。 As she knows the fact of the accident, we'll try our best to satisfy her. 既然她知道了事故的真相，我们将尽量满足她的要求。 (3)其他可以表示原因的复合连词有in that, now that, seeing that, considering that等。 3．引导条件状语从句的连词 (1)引导条件状语从句的连词，主要是if和unless，由if引导的条件从句可以是真实条件句，也可以是非真实条件句。真实条件句所表示的条件指的是事实或有可能实现的事，非真实条件句指的是与事实相悖或不大可能实现的事。 If it rains, the match will be cancelled. 倘若天下雨，比赛就会取消。 If I were you, I should give him a good lesson. 假如我是你的话，我就要好好地教训他一顿。 If I had tried hard last term, I would have succeeded. 要是上学期我用功的话，我肯定过关了。 unless在意义上相当于if...not。 You will fail again unless you work harder. 你要是再不努力些，你还会失败的。 Do not come unless I call you. 我叫你，你再来。 (2)能引导条件从句，与if意义相近的复合连词还有in case, providing(that), provided(that), as long as, on condition that等。 4．引导目的状语从句的连词引导目的状语从句的连词，主要有so that, in order that, that, so, lest(＝for fear that怕，免得)和in case等。 (1)so that用得较多，in order that用法较为正式。 They arrived there early so that/in order that they might see the film star. 他们早早赶到那儿，为的是能看到那位电影明星。 We hurried so that/in order that we might not be late for the lecture. 我们匆忙地赶着，生怕听讲座迟到。 (2)so常用于非正式文体。 I put it here so he can see it when he comes. 我把东西放在这儿，这样他来的时候就能看得到。 He drove to the airport by himself so he could leave for Canada quietly. 他自己开车去机场为的是能悄悄地前往加拿大。 (3)lest用法较为陈旧，只见于正式文体；in case常见于非正式文体。 He locked up his money lest it should be stolen. 他把钱锁好以防被盗。 You must be quiet in case the fish are frightened. 别出声，以免鱼儿受惊跑了。 5．引导结果状语从句的连词 (1)引导结果状语从句的连词主要有so that, so...that, such...that等。 He was often late for work, so that he was fired at last. 他经常上班迟到，所以他最终被解雇了。 I went to the booking office early so that I could get a ticket. 我早早去了票房为的是能买到一张票。 The record was so popular that it ran into three million copies in a year. 那张唱片非常受欢迎，一年就卖出了三百万张。 It was such a bad accident that several people got killed. 那是一场严重交通事故，死了好几个人。 The lecture was so instructive that the audience were deeply moved. 讲座非常有教育意义，听众都被深深感动了。 (2)that也可引导结果状语从句。 I must be getting pretty absent－minded that I forget to bring my ticket. 我肯定又是心不在焉，连票都不记得带。 6．引导让步状语从句的连词 (1)引导让步状语从句的连词主要有though, although, even if, even though等。though是一般用语；although较为正式，语气比though强。它们表示同一意义时常可互换使用。汉语“虽然……但是……”译为英语，如用though或although时，强调后半部分可用yet或still，但不能用but。 Though/Although the factory is small, yet its products are of very good quality. 虽然工厂规模不大，但是它的产品质量是过硬的。 Though Miss Allen has never been out of this island in her life, she knows more than any other people here. 虽然艾伦小姐一辈子都没离开过这座岛，可她懂的却比岛上任何人都要多。 (2)用让步状语从句陈述事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气，若陈述把握不大或假设的事情时，谓语动词则用虚拟语气。 I will not ask him to help even though he is willing to. 即使他愿意帮忙，我也不会找他帮忙的。 (3)在正式文体中，用as, though引导让步状语从句，常将从句的表语置于句首。 Strange though/as it may sound, I was pleased it was over. 尽管听起来也许很奇怪，但我很高兴这都结束了。 7．引导方式状语从句的连词 (1)英语中引导方式状语从句的连词常用的有as, as if, as though等。 Please state the facts as they are. 请实事求是地讲明这些真相。 He speaks as if he is/were a drinker. 他说起话来就像喝醉酒一样。 (2)有时as if, as though后接非谓语动词形式作方式状语。 He lifted his feet as if to go out. 他抬了脚，似乎想出去。 She stood there as if waiting for someone. 她站在那儿好像在等什么人。 The young man lay for several hours as though shocked. 那个年轻人躺了好几个小时，好像休克了一样。